TX antenna - 2EL antenna array 4 direction

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[<<- Web page\|https://remoteqth.com/] {TOC} This is TX-RX antenna mainly for lower bands. It is based on classic 4SQ with 90deg phase hybrid. !Quick Start Guide [Connector description\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=TX+antenna+-+2EL+antenna+array+4+direction#Connector_description] [Direction control\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=TX+antenna+-+2EL+antenna+array+4+direction#Direction_switching_control] [SWR LED bar settings\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=TX+antenna+-+2EL+antenna+array+4+direction#SWR_LED_bar_settings] How to set range of LED bar [Jumpers setting\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=TX+antenna+-+2EL+antenna+array+4+direction#Jumpers_setting] LED bar mode, SWR PTT protection, supply voltage, direction LED... [ANTENNA elements\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=antenna+elements] Ways to build antenna elements [FEED lines length\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=TX+antenna+-+2EL+antenna+array+4+direction#FEED_lines_length] Calculation and examples of coax feed line length [TUNNING ANT elements\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=TX+antenna+-+2EL+antenna+array+4+direction#TUNNING_ANT_elements] There is a few ways how to tune antenna !Connector description There is standart RJ45 (ETHERNET) connector with shielding [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/k9ay-bpf/rj45.png\|noborder] * There is standart D-SUB 15 female connector with shielding [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/4sq-8dir/dsub15.png\|noborder] * Table [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/2el/2el-connector.png\|noborder] Connectors on Hybrid PCB: * detector = dummy load power (pin 6 on controller) ** 1 = DIR1 , 2 = DIR2 [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/2el/rf-con-web.png] !Direction switching control: \| DIRECTION \| DIR1 \| DIR2 \| \| Controller \| PIN 7 \| PIN 8 \| \| W \| +12 V \| - \| \| N-S \| - \| - \| \| E \| +12 V \| +12 V \| !SWR LED bar settings * '''{.redka#id color: #f23f37; font-size: 200%}⚠{/} NOTE: Input SWR of the hybrid is not SWR of the antenna in W-E directions!!!''' * '''{.redka#id color: #f23f37; font-size: 200%}⚠{/} NOTE: For N-S direction, there is no power to Dummy load. Input SWR follows SWR of antennas!''' !! SWR Range trimmer - Range of PWR in dummy load [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/2el/fp-swr.png\|border] !!Setting step by step Connect TRX (PA) to the 2EL hybrid - to Input port Connect Dummy load to the Dummy Load port ( you can insert PWR meter too ) DO NOT connect any antenna element - leave it open Switch direction on controller to WEST or EAST Than when you TX (RTTY mode) all power goes to the dummy load port Open controller box There is SET SWR trimmer (blue one) With this trimmer you can set full range of LED bar for prefered MAX power in dummy load '''{.redka#id color: #f23f37; font-size: 200%}⚠{/} NOTE: Do not forget thar SWR 2:1 on antenna elements is 1/10 of INPUT power to dummy load!! So for 1kW and SWR 2:1 is 100W in DL. There is no problem to have only a few Watts in DL when the antenna elements are right tuned!''' So set TRX power to your max PWR you want have in dummy load and set SET SWR trimmer to full LED bar range When LAST red LED is on, than PTT loop is disconnected * see jumpers setting '''{.redka#id color: #f23f37; font-size: 200%}⚠{/} NOTE: When you set full scale for some PWR, for example 200W. Than you can go down with PWR from your TRX and you can see what PWR = LED COUNT. What is half of scale, first LED etc.''' !Jumpers setting * When power in dummy load exceeds value you you set before, than protection circuit breaks PTT loop and Buzzer sound is ON. * Jumpers: JP1 = ALARM - switch ON/OFF buzzer and PTT LOOP break JP2 = LED BAR mode (dot/line) [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/2el/fp-alarm.png\|border] JP3 = supply voltage for RF box relays - controller voltage or External JP5 = external CW/SSB segment relay - external antenna tunning: [example\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=antenna+elements#CW_or_SSB_segment_tunning] [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/2el/fp-ext.png\|border] CHANGE LED INDICATION FOR THREE DIRECTIONS. JP4 = W N-S E JP6 = NW SW-NE SE JP7 = SW NW-SE NE JP8 = N W-E S [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/2el/fp-dir.png\|border] !FEED lines length - All ports on RF hybrid box are 50 Ohm. Antenna elements are connected to the box with 50 Ohm coax cables. - The best way is to use Lambda/4 feed line lengths to take advantage of the current forcing properties of this length of line. LENGTH IN METERs !!! [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/2el/coax.png\|noborder] !TUNNING ANT elements '''{.redka#id color: #f23f37; font-size: 200%}⚠{/} NOTE: Input SWR of the hybrid is not SWR of the antenna for directions W ane E!!!''' '''{.redka#id color: #f23f37; font-size: 200%}⚠{/} NOTE: Do not forget thar SWR 2:1 on antenna elements is 1/10 of INPUT power to dummy load (DL) for W and E directions!! So for 1kW and SWR 2:1 it is 100W in DL. There is no problem to have only a few Watts in DL when the antenna elements are right tuned!''' !!There is a few ways how to do the right antenna elements tunning. * With SWR LED bar indication * for directions W or E * ** Do [SWR LED bar settings\|https://remoteqth.com/wiki/index.php?page=TX+antenna+-+2EL+antenna+array+4+direction#SWR_LED_bar_settings] at first * TX with your TRX on RTTY (FSK) and tune TRX over the band You can see, where is the minimum power in dummy load = best SWR You can increase PWR (use PA) and find the minimum ** So if you set full scale of LED bar graf to 200W, and you TX with 2 KW into the antenna, you can see SWR 2:1 range * With SWR meter on your TRX / SWR meter / VNA * for direction N-S * TX with your TRX on RTTY (FSK) and tune TRX over the band You can see, where is the minimum SWR on your TRX / SWR meter / VNA ** YTune around the band and find the minimum * With 2-port VNA or Spectrum Analyser with TG * For directions W or E * Very nice way how to SEE antenna parameters is with VNA or SA Connect TX and RX port with short cable and do calibration Than connect TX port of VNA (TG on SA) to the IN port of hybrid RX port of VNA (IN of SA) connect to Dummy LOAD port on hybrid Connect all antenna elements Connect controller Now you cas see S21 parameters of antenna This will change with direction switching You can see the minimum of S21 what is the best SWR of antenna Frequency where there is that minimum, there is best SWR of antenna For example S21 = -20dB means 1/100 of Input power to dummy load On right tunned elements you can have more than -30dB ! what is 1W from 1kW !!! - Return loss (RL) in dB to SWR: ONLINE calculator [RL to SWR\|https://cgi.www.telestrian.co.uk/cgi-bin/www.telestrian.co.uk/vswr.pl] [https://remoteqth.com/img/ZAW-WIKI/4sq-8dir/swr1kw.png] !!ToDo * Cable wiring circuits
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